distribute electricity demand by JRC energy atlas

[fneum]

Closes #1810 .

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

Distributing country-level electricity demand time series to subnational model
regions of EU countries now uses data from the JRC Energy Atlas.
This dataset provides electricity consumption on a 1 km by 1 km raster for the year, which is more accurate than the previous NUTS3-based distribution.

Another dataset is used for Great Britain from the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.

Other non-EU countries still use NUTS3-based distribution keys from GDP and population.

New Dataset Visualization

Area-normalized demand (master versus feature)

Checklist

• I tested my contribution locally and it works as intended.
• Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
• Changed dependencies are added to envs/environment.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are added in config/config.default.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are documented in doc/configtables/*.csv.
• Sources of newly added data are documented in doc/data_sources.rst.
• A release note doc/release_notes.rst is added.

[coroa]

At first glance, i am very surprised how well the naive electricity demand downscaling by gdp/pop did in comparison to this detailed dataset.

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates the electricity demand distribution methodology to use more accurate data sources. Instead of relying solely on NUTS3-based distribution using GDP and population, it now incorporates high-resolution raster data from the JRC Energy Atlas for EU countries and specific consumption statistics for Great Britain.

• Implements new distribution methods using JRC Energy Atlas 1km×1km raster data for EU countries
• Adds Great Britain-specific distribution using local authority electricity consumption data
• Maintains NUTS3-based fallback for non-EU countries
• Adds configuration option for substation-only distribution

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
scripts/build_electricity_demand_base.py	Complete refactor of distribution logic with new functions for different data sources
rules/retrieve.smk	Adds data retrieval rules for JRC Energy Atlas, GB consumption data, and UK local authorities
rules/build_electricity.smk	Updates input dependencies for new data sources
envs/environment.yaml	Adds rasterstats dependency for raster processing
doc/retrieve.rst	Documents new data retrieval rules
doc/release_notes.rst	Adds release notes for the feature
doc/data-retrieval.rst	Documents new data sources with licensing information
doc/configtables/load.csv	Documents new substation_only configuration option
config/config.default.yaml	Adds substation_only configuration with default value

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[Copilot]

Parameter name in docstring doesn't match function parameter. Should be 'raster_fn' instead of 'fn'.

Suggested change

	fn : str
	raster_fn : str

[Copilot]

Missing closing backtick for the filename. Should end with two backticks: data/demand-distribution/Subnational_electricity_consumption_statistics_2005-2023.xlsx

Suggested change

	``data/demand-distribution/Subnational_electricity_consumption_statistics_2005-2023.xlsx`
	``data/demand-distribution/Subnational_electricity_consumption_statistics_2005-2023.xlsx``

[Copilot]

Trailing whitespace after period should be removed.

Suggested change

	population.
	population.