vhelpers

Often used functions in vladimirs-git projects.

Requirements

Python >=3.8

Installation

Install the package from pypi.org release

pip install vhelpers

Usage

For easy navigation, functions are grouped by some key concept, mostly based on their return data type. For more details, please refer to the ./examples directory where you will find numerous examples.

Contents

• vhelpers
  • Requirements
  • Installation
  • Usage
• vdate
  • delta(start, end)
  • delta_s(args, kwargs)
• vdict
  • filter_keys(data, include, exclude)
  • for_json(data)
  • invert(data)
  • md5hash(data)
  • pop(key, data)
  • pyproject_d(root)
  • remove_empty(data)
  • sha256hash(data)
• vint
  • to_int(digit)
  • to_ordinal(digit)
• vip
  • ip_prefixlen(address)
  • ips_prefixlen(addresses)
• vlist
  • dupl(items)
  • flatten(items, ignore_types)
  • is_in(items1, items2)
  • no_dupl(items)
  • replace(items, old, new)
  • split(text, chars, ignore)
  • to_list(items)
  • to_lists(items, count)
  • to_lstr(items)
  • to_multi(items, count)
• vparam
  • from_dict(params_d)
  • to_dict(params)
• vpath
  • get_dirs(root, pattern)
  • get_files(root, pattern)
  • from_dict(params_d)
• vre
  • between(text, start, end, w_start, w_end, strict)
  • find1(pattern, string, flags)
  • find2(pattern, string, flags)
  • find3(pattern, string, flags)
  • find4(pattern, string, flags)
  • find1i(pattern, string, flags)
  • find2i(pattern, string, flags)
  • find1s(patterns, string, flags)
  • ip(string)
  • prefix(string)
• vstr
  • join(args)
  • join_lines(args)
  • repr_info(args, kwargs)
  • repr_params(args, kwargs)
  • reverse(line)
  • split_idx(text, idx)
• vyml
  • host_cmds(items)
  • cmd_cmds(cmd, cmds)

vdate

delta(start, end)

Calculate the elapsed days, hours, minutes and seconds between two datetime objects.

Parameter	Type	Description
start	datetime	The starting datetime object.
end	datetime	The ending datetime object. If None, the current datetime is used.

Return

DInt A dictionary containing the elapsed hours, minutes, and seconds. If end is None, update data in object.

from datetime import datetime
from vhelpers import vdate

start = datetime.strptime("2001-01-02 2:3:4", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
end = datetime.strptime("2002-02-03 3:4:5", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(vdate.delta(start, end))  # {'hours': 9529, 'minutes': 1, 'seconds': 1}

delta_s(args, kwargs)

Calculate the elapsed time in the format %H:%M:%S.

Parameter	Type	Description
args		The arguments for calculating the time delta.
kwargs		The keyword arguments for calculating the time delta.

Return

str The elapsed time in the format %H:%M:%S.

from datetime import datetime
from vhelpers import vdate

start = datetime.strptime("2001-01-02 2:3:4", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
end = datetime.strptime("2002-02-03 3:4:5", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(vdate.delta_s(start, end))  # 9529:01:01

vdict

Helpers for dictionary processing.

filter_keys(data, include, exclude)

Filter the data to only required keys by include/exclude parameters.

Parameter	Type	Description
data	dict	Dictionary to be filtered.
include	list	Keys that should be present in the filtered dictionary.
exclude	list	Keys that should not be present in the filtered dictionary.

Return

dict New dictionary containing only the required keys.

from vhelpers import vdict

assert vdict.filter_keys(data={"a": "A", "b": "B"}, include=["a"]) == {"a": "A"}
assert vdict.filter_keys(data={"a": "A", "b": "B"}, exclude=["a"]) == {"b": "B"}

for_json(data)

Convert the input data to a format suitable for JSON serialization.

Parameter	Type	Description
data	dict	Input data to be converted.

Return

dict Data converted to a format suitable for JSON serialization.

from vhelpers import vdict

data = vdict.for_json(data={1: {2, 3}})
assert data == {1: [2, 3]}

invert(data)

Invert keys and values.

Parameter	Type	Description
data	dict	Dictionary to invert.

Return

dict Dictionary with keys and values inverted.

from vhelpers import vdict

assert vdict.invert(data={1: 2}) == {2: 1}

md5hash(data)

Create MD5 hash of a dictionary.

Parameter	Type	Description
data	dict	Dictionary to be hashed.

Return

str String representing the MD5 hash of the dictionary.

pop(key, data)

Pop the specified item from the data by key. If key is absent in data, do nothing and return None.

Parameter	Type	Description
data	dict	The dictionary from which the key is to be popped.
key	str	The key to be popped from the data.

Return

str The popped item if key is present in data, otherwise None.

from vhelpers import vdict

data = {1: "a", 2: "b"}
assert vdict.pop(data=data, key=3) is None
assert vdict.pop(key=1, data=data) == "a"
assert data == {2: "b"}

pyproject_d(root)

Convert pyproject.toml to a dictionary.

Parameter	Type	Description
root	Union[Path, str]	The root directory or path to the pyproject.toml file.

Return

Dict[str, Any] A dictionary containing the data from pyproject.toml.

from vhelpers import vdict
from pathlib import Path

root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
data = vdict.pyproject_d(root)
assert data["tool"]["poetry"]["name"] == "vhelpers"

remove_empty(data)

Remove empty values from a multidimensional dictionary recursively.

Parameter	Type	Description
data	dict	Dictionary with empty values.

Return

dict Dictionary without empty values.

from vhelpers import vdict

data = vdict.remove_empty(data={1: 1, 2: 0})
assert data == {1: 1}

sha256hash(data)

Create SHA-256 hash of a dictionary.

Parameter	Type	Description
root	dict	Dictionary to be hashed.

Return

int Integer representing the SHA-256 hash of the dictionary.

vint

Helpers for int processing.

to_int(digit)

Convert string digit to integer.

Parameter	Type	Description
digit	Union[int, str]	Digit, string ot integer.

Return

int Integer or 0 if value is not digit.

from vhelpers import vint

assert vint.to_int(digit="1") == 1
assert vint.to_int(digit="a") == 0

to_ordinal(digit)

Convert an integer or numeric string to its ordinal representation.

Parameter	Type	Description
digit	Union[int, str]	An integer or a string that can be converted to an integer.

Return

str The ordinal string representation of the number.

from vhelpers import vint

assert vint.to_ordinal(digit=1) == "1st"
assert vint.to_ordinal(digit=2) == "2nd"
assert vint.to_ordinal(digit=21) == "21st"

vip

Helpers for ip addresses processing.

ip_prefixlen(address)

Convert IPv4 address with mask to address with prefix length.

Parameter	Type	Description
address	str	IP addresses with mask.

Return

str IP addresses with prefix length.

from vhelpers import vip

assert vip.ip_prefixlen(address="10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0") == "10.0.0.1/24"

ips_prefixlen(addresses)

Convert IPv4 addresses with mask to addresses with prefix length.

Parameter	Type	Description
addresses	List[str]	A list of IP addresses with mask.

Return

List[str] A list of IP addresses with prefix length.

from vhelpers import vip

assert vip.ips_prefixlen(addresses=["10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0"]) == ["10.0.0.1/24"]

vlist

Helpers for list processing.

dupl(items)

Find duplicates of the items.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	list	A list of items where need to find duplicates.

Return

list A list of items with duplicates.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.dupl([1, 2, 1]) == [1]
assert vlist.dupl([{1}, {2}, {1}]) == [{1}]

flatten(items, ignore_types)

Convert a multidimensional list to a flattened list.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	Sequence	The list to be flattened.
ignore_types	Tuple[Type]	Types to be ignored during flattening, defaults to (str, bytes)

Return

Generator A generator that yields the flattened list.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.flatten([1, [2, [3]], 4, [5, [6]]]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

is_in(items1, items2)

Check if any item in items1 is present in items2.

Parameter	Type	Description
items1	list	A list of items.
items2	list	A list of items.

Return

bool True if any item in items1 is present in items2, False otherwise.

no_dupl(items)

Remove duplicates from a list of items.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	list	A list of items.

Return

list A list of items without duplicates.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.no_dupl(items=[1, 2, 1]) == [1, 2]

replace(items, old, new)

Replace one item with another.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	list	The list of items where need replace item.
old	Any	The item to be replaced.
new	Any	The item to replace with.

Return

None Update items.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.replace(items=[1, 2, 3], old=2, new=4) == [1, 4, 3]

split(text, chars, ignore)

Split string by punctuation chars.

Parameter	Type	Description
text	str	Text to split by punctuation.
chars	str	Extra punctuation chars.
ignore	str	Ignore punctuation chars.

Return

List[str] Values without punctuation.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.split(text="1; 2_3-4X5,6", chars="_X", ignore=",") == ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5,6"]

to_list(items)

Convert the input items from any into a list. If items is a list, set or tuple, simply change its type to list. Otherwise, create a list with the value as its first item. If items is None return an empty list.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	list	The items to be converted into a list.

Return

list The converted list.

from vhelpers import vlist

# Convert the input items into a list.
#  If items is a list, set or tuple, simply change its type to list
assert vlist.to_list(items=(1, 2)) == [1, 2]
# Otherwise, create a list with the value as its first item.
assert vlist.to_list(items=1) == [1]
# If items is None return an empty list.
assert vlist.to_list(items=None) == []

to_lists(items, count)

Convert a flat list into a multidimensional list with a fixed number of inner lists.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	list	The flat list to convert.
count	int	The number of inner lists.

Return

List[List[Any] A multidimensional list.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.to_lists(items=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], count=2) == [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]
assert vlist.to_lists(items=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), count=3) == [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

to_lstr(items)

Convert the input items from any into a list of string. If items is a list, set or tuple, simply change its type to list. If items is None or empty string return an empty list.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	Any	The items to be converted into a list of string.

Return

list The converted list.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.to_lstr(items=[1, "2"]) == ["1", "2"]
assert vlist.to_lstr(1) == ["1"]
assert vlist.to_lstr("") == []

to_multi(items, count)

Convert a flat list into a multidimensional list. Convert a list with the specified number of items in each inner list.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	list	The flat list to convert.
count	int	The number of items to include in each inner list.

Return

LLAny A multidimensional list with the specified number of items in each inner list.

from vhelpers import vlist

assert vlist.to_multi(items=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], count=2) == [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5]]

vparam

Helpers for parameters processing. Parameters are typically included in the query string of a URL, which is the part of a URL that comes after the question mark "?" character.

from_dict(params_d)

Convert a dictionary to a list of parameters.

Parameter	Type	Description
params_d	dict	A dictionary with keys and values.

Return

list[tuple[str, Any]] A list of parameters. If params_d is empty, returns an empty list.

from vhelpers import vparam

assert vparam.from_dict(params_d={"a": [1, 1]}) == [("a", 1), ("a", 1)]

to_dict(params)

Convert a list of parameters to a dictionary.

Parameter	Type	Description
params	list[tuple[str, Any]]	A list of parameters.

Return

dict A dictionary where key is param name.

vpath

Helpers for path processing.

get_dirs(root, pattern)

Get paths to directories that match required regex pattern in root directory.

Parameter	Type	Description
root	str	Root directory to search for files with required pattern.
pattern	str	Regex pattern to match directory path.

Return

List[str] Paths to directories that match regex pattern.

get_files(root, pattern)

Get paths to files that match required regex pattern in root directory.

Parameter	Type	Description
root	str	Root directory to search for files with required pattern.
pattern	str	Regex pattern to match file path.

Return

List[str] Paths to files that match regex pattern.

from_dict(params_d)

Convert a dictionary to a list of parameters.

vre

Helpers for regex processing.

between(text, start, end, w_start, w_end, strict)

Find all substrings between the start and end regexes.

Parameter	Type	Description
text	str	Text where need to find start and end.
start	str	Regex of start.
end	str	Regex of end.
w_start	bool	True - Returns text with matched start text, False - (default) Returns text without matched start text.
w_end	bool	True - Returns text with matched end text, False - (default) Returns text without matched end text.
strict	bool	True - Raises ValueError if absent start or end, False - Returns empty string if absent start or end.

Return

str Text between start and end.

from vhelpers import vre

TEXT = "a1\nb2\nc3\nd4"
assert vre.between(text=TEXT, start="b2", end="c3", w_start=True, w_end=True) == "b2\nc3"

find1(pattern, string, flags)

Parse 1 item using findall. 1 group with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, return 1 empty string.

Parameter	Type	Description
pattern	str	The regular expression pattern to search for.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

str The interested substring, or an empty string if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find1(pattern="a(b)cde", string="abcde") == "b"
assert vre.find1(pattern="a(b)cde", string="acde") == ""

find2(pattern, string, flags)

Parse 2 items using findall. 2 groups with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, return 2 empty strings.

Parameter	Type	Description
pattern	str	The regular expression pattern.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

Tuple[str, str] A tuple with two interested substrings, or empty strings if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find2(pattern="a(b)(c)de", string="abcde") == ("b", "c")
assert vre.find2(pattern="a(b)(c)de", string="acde") == ("", "")

find3(pattern, string, flags)

Parse 3 items using findall. 3 groups with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, returns 3 empty strings.

Parameter	Type	Description
pattern	str	The regular expression pattern.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

Tuple[str, str, str] A tuple with three interested substrings, or empty strings if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find3(pattern="a(b)(c)(d)e", string="abcde") == ("b", "c", "d")
assert vre.find3(pattern="a(b)(c)(d)e", string="acde") == ("", "", "")

find4(pattern, string, flags)

Parse 4 items using findall. 4 groups with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, return 4 empty strings.

Parameter	Type	Description
pattern	str	The regular expression pattern.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

Tuple[str, str, str, str] A tuple with three interested substrings, or empty strings if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find4(pattern="a(b)(c)(d)(e)", string="abcde") == ("b", "c", "d", "e")
assert vre.find4(pattern="a(b)(c)(d)(e)", string="acde") == ("", "", "", "")

find1i(pattern, string, flags)

Parse 1 digit using findall. 1 group with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, return 0.

Parameter	Type	Description
pattern	str	The regular expression pattern to search for.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

int The interested integer, or 0 if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find1i(pattern="a([0-9]+)b", string="a123b") == 123
assert vre.find1i(pattern="a([0-9]+)b", string="ab") == 0

find2i(pattern, string, flags)

Parse 2 digits using findall. 2 groups with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, return tuple of 0.

Parameter	Type	Description
pattern	str	The regular expression pattern to search for.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

T2Int The interested integers, or tuple of 0 if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find2i(pattern="a([0-9])b([0-9])c", string="a1b2c") == (1, 2)
assert vre.find2i(pattern="a([0-9])b([0-9])c", string="a1bc") == (0, 0)

find1s(patterns, string, flags)

Parse 1st item that match one of regex in patterns. 1 group with parentheses in pattern is required. If nothing is found, return 1 empty string.

Parameter	Type	Description
patterns	SeqStr	The list of regular expression patterns to search for.
string	str	The string to search within.
flags	int	Optional flags to modify the behavior of the search.

Return

str The interested substring, or an empty string if nothing is found.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.find1s(patterns=["a(a)cde", "a(b)cde"], string="abcde") == "b"

ip(string)

Parse 1st IP address from string. If nothing is found, returns an empty string.

Parameter	Type	Description
string	str	String where need to find IP address.

Return

str IP address.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.ip("text 10.0.0.1/24 10.0.0.2/24 text") == "10.0.0.1"

prefix(string)

Parse 1st prefix from string. If nothing is found, returns an empty string.

Parameter	Type	Description
string	str	String where need to find prefix.

Return

str Prefix.

from vhelpers import vre

assert vre.prefix("text 10.0.0.1/24 10.0.0.2/24 text") == "10.0.0.1/24"

vstr

join(args)

Join args by delimiter that is first argument, skipping empty strings.

Parameter	Type	Description
args	list	Items that need to be joined.

Return

str Joined line.

from vhelpers import vstr

assert vstr.join(",", " a ", " ", 0, 1) == "a,0,1"

join_lines(args)

Join args by 'n' character, skipping empty strings.

Parameter	Type	Description
args	list	Items that need to be joined.

Return

str Joined line.

from vhelpers import vstr

assert vstr.join_lines(" a ", " ", 0, 1) == "a\n0\n1"

repr_info(args, kwargs)

Create info without qutes for the __repr__() method.

Parameter	Type	Description
args		The positional arguments.
kwargs		The keyword arguments.

Return

str A string representation of the parameters.

from vhelpers import vstr

assert vstr.repr_params("a", "b", c="c", d="d") == "a, b, c=c, d=d"

repr_params(args, kwargs)

Create parameters for the __repr__() method.

Parameter	Type	Description
args		The positional arguments.
kwargs		The keyword arguments.

Return

str A string representation of the parameters.

from vhelpers import vstr

assert vstr.repr_params("a", "b", c="c", d="d") == "'a', 'b', c='c', d='d'"

reverse(line)

Reverse the characters in a string.

Parameter	Type	Description
line	str	The input string.

Return

str The reversed string.

from vhelpers import vstr

assert vstr.reverse("abc") == "cba"

split_idx(text, idx)

Split the text at the specified index.

Parameter	Type	Description
text	str	Text to split.
idx	int	Index at which to split the text.

Return

Tuple[str, str] Tuple containing the text before the index and the text after the index.

from vhelpers import vstr

assert vstr.split_idx(text="before_after", idx=7) == ("before_", "after")

vyml

Helpers for YAML processing.

host_cmds(items)

Create commands in YAML format. Where the hostname is the key and the list of commands is the value.

Parameter	Type	Description
items	List[Tuple[str, str, Union[str, List]	List of tuples that contain: hostname, parent command, children commands.

Return

str YAML formatted commands.

from vhelpers import vyml

items = [("router1", "interface Ethernet1/1", ["description text", "shutdown"])]
result = """
---
router1: |
 interface Ethernet1/1
  description text
  shutdown
""".strip()
assert vyml.host_cmds(items) == result

cmd_cmds(cmd, cmds)

Join parent command and children commands using indentation.

Parameter	Type	Description
cmd	str	Parent command.
cmds	Union[str, List]	Children commands.

Return

str YAML formatted commands with indentation.

from vhelpers import vyml

result = """ interface Ethernet1/1\n  description text\n  shutdown"""
assert vyml.cmd_cmds(cmd="interface Ethernet1/1", cmds=["description text", "shutdown"]) == result