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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html>
<!-- This document was automatically generated on 2024-09-24T15:28:09.742564-07:00. -->
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<head>
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css' />
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<p>Note that since indents must follow a newline, we include the
newline as a part of the syntax definition of an indent.
</p>
<p>Non-negative integers are written as usual. Leading zeros do not
change the interpretation of these numeric literals.
</p><div class='syntax'><p><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::= <code>[0-9]<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>+</sup></span></code></p></div>
<p>Real numbers are written in usual floating-point number syntax.
</p><div class='syntax'><p><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::= <code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span>.<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'>(</span><span class='meta-syntax'>(</span>e <span class='meta-syntax'> | </span> E<span class='meta-syntax'>)</span><span class='meta-syntax'>(</span>- <span class='meta-syntax'> | </span> +<span class='meta-syntax'>)</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'>)</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span></code></p></div>
<p>Complex numbers are an extension of this.
</p><div class='syntax'><table border='0' cellpadding='4'><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Complex</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::=</td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span> i
</code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code> pi</code></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Non-negative integers can be written in decimal, hexadecimal,
octal, or binary. Decimal integers are written as usual, hexadecimal
integers start with &#039;<tt>0x</tt>&#039;, octal integers start with &#039;<tt>0o</tt>&#039;, and
binary integers start with &#039;<tt>0b</tt>&#039; (all case-insensitive). These
integers may contain interior or trailing underscores, which are
ignored; in the case of non-decimal integers, the underscores must
come after the identifying prefix.
</p><div class='syntax'><table border='0' cellpadding='4'><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::=</td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Hexadecimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Octal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Binary Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr></table></div><div class='syntax'><p><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::= <code>[0-9][0-9_]<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span></code></p></div><div class='syntax'><p><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Hexadecimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::= <code>0[Xx]_<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span>[0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f_]<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span></code></p></div><div class='syntax'><p><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Octal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::= <code>0[Oo]_<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span>[0-7][0-7_]<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span></code></p></div><div class='syntax'><p><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Binary Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::= <code>0[Bb]_<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span>[01][01_]<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span></code></p></div>
<p>Non-integral real numbers are written in the usual decimal
floating-point number syntax (including an optional base-10 exponent
prefixed by case-insensitive &#039;<tt>e</tt>&#039;), or as the special literal
&#039;<tt>pi</tt>&#039;. As with integers, decimal floating-point numbers may
contain internal or trailing underscores.
</p><div class='syntax'><table border='0' cellpadding='4'><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::=</td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Numeric Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code> pi</code></td></tr></table></div><div class='syntax'><table border='0' cellpadding='4'><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Numeric Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::=</td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>(</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'> | </span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real With Decimal Point</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'>)</span><span class='meta-syntax'>(</span>[Ee]<span class='meta-syntax'>(</span>- <span class='meta-syntax'> | </span> +<span class='meta-syntax'>)</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span>_<span class='meta-syntax'><sup>*</sup></span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'>)</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Hexadecimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Octal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Binary Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr></table></div><div class='syntax'><table border='0' cellpadding='4'><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real With Decimal Point</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::=</td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span>.<span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code> .<span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Decimal Integer</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr></table></div>
<p>An imaginary number literal is an optional numeric real number
followed by the letter &#039;<tt>i</tt>&#039; (case-<em>sensitive</em>). A complex
number literal is either a real number literal or an imaginary number
literal. (Something that looks like a mixed real and imaginary
complex number, such as &#039;<tt>1+2i</tt>&#039;, is actually an arithmetic
expression and not a single literal.)
</p><div class='syntax'><table border='0' cellpadding='4'><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Complex</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span> ::=</td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span></code></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:right'><span class='meta-syntax'>|</span></td><td><code><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E8;</span><span class='meta-syntax-identifier'>Numeric Real</span><span class='meta-syntax'>&#x27E9;</span><span class='meta-syntax'><sup>?</sup></span>i</code></td></tr></table></div>
<p>Strings are characters bounded by double-quotation mark characters
&#039;<tt>&quot;</tt>&#039;. If a double-quotation mark should be used within the string,
it must be escaped with a backslash, like so: &#039;<tt>\&quot;</tt>&#039;. Similarly, if
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