[chore]: update alpine images to 3.22

[Red-GV]

Changes

This bumps the alpine images to latest version (3.22).

Merge Requirements

For new features contributions, please make sure you have completed the following
essential items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated to document new feature additions
• Appropriate documentation updates in the docs
• Appropriate Helm chart updates in the helm-charts

Maintainers will not merge until the above have been completed. If you're unsure
which docs need to be changed ping the
@open-telemetry/demo-approvers.

[puckpuck]

I realize that we still don't have Dependabot updating images in Dockerfile. I'm going to add that configuration in a new PR.