task_2

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Task 2

1. Programming Languages with and without Garbage Collection (GC)

   • List programming languages that have Garbage Collection (GC) and those that do not.

2. The 13 Principles of Clean Code

   • List and explain the 13 principles of Clean Code.

3. How to Implement do while in Python

   • Explain how to implement a do while loop in Python.

4. Comparison Between for and while in Python

   • Compare and contrast the for and while loops in Python.

5. Equivalent of pass in Java and C++

   • Explain what corresponds to pass in Java and C++.

6. Popular Tracing Tools in Python

   • List some of the most popular tracing tools used in Python.

7. How to Write Directly in the Middle of a File

   • Explain how to write directly in the middle of a file in Python.

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the answers:

1) Programming Languages with and without Garbage Collection (GC)

Languages with Garbage Collection (GC):

• Java: Uses GC for automatic memory management.
• Python: Utilizes GC for memory management.
• C#: Utilizes .NET's GC system.
• Ruby: Uses GC for memory management.
• JavaScript: Uses GC within its execution environment (e.g., V8 in Chrome).
• Go: Includes GC for memory management.
• R: Uses GC for memory management.
• Erlang: Includes GC for memory management.

Languages without Garbage Collection (GC):

• C: Does not include GC; memory management is manual.
• C++: Does not include GC but can use external libraries like Boehm GC.
• Rust: Does not include GC; relies on ownership and borrowing for memory management.
• Assembly: Does not include GC; memory management is manual.
• Pascal: Does not include GC; memory management is manual or through memory management functions.

2) The 13 Principles of Clean Code

1. Meaningful Names: Use descriptive names for variables, functions, and classes.
2. Functions Should Do One Thing: Functions should have a single responsibility.
3. Short Functions: Keep functions short and focused.
4. Use Intention-Revealing Names: Choose names that reveal the intention behind the code.
5. Avoid Comments: Write code that is self-explanatory; minimize the need for comments.
6. Testing: Ensure code is thoroughly tested with unit tests and integration tests.
7. Formatting: Maintain consistent code formatting and style.
8. Avoid Duplication: Refactor code to eliminate redundancy.
9. Handle Exceptions Properly: Manage exceptions to keep code clean and maintainable.
10. Minimize Complexity: Strive to keep code simple and straightforward.
11. Code Reviews: Regularly review and refactor code to improve its quality.
12. Use Common Conventions: Follow common coding patterns and practices.
13. Independence: Write code that is independent of other parts as much as possible.

3) How to Implement do while in Python

Python does not have a direct do while loop construct. You can simulate it using a while loop like this:

while True:
    # Code to execute
    if not condition:
        break

4) Comparison Between for and while Loops in Python

for loop:

• Iterates Over a Sequence: Typically used for iterating over sequences like lists, strings, or sets.
• Ease of Use: Clear and straightforward when iterating over known-size collections.
• Example:

  for i in range(5):
      print(i)

while loop:

• Condition-Based Iteration: Used when iterating until a specific condition is met.
• Flexibility: Offers more flexibility but requires careful handling of the condition to avoid infinite loops.
• Example:

  i = 0
  while i < 5:
      print(i)
      i += 1

5) Equivalent of pass in Java and C++

• Java: There's no direct keyword equivalent to pass in Java. You can use an empty block like this:

  if (condition) {
      // Do nothing
  }

• C++: In C++, you can use an empty block similarly:

  if (condition) {
      // Do nothing
  }

6) Popular Tracing Tools in Python

• PyCharm Profiler: Built-in profiling tool within PyCharm IDE.
• cProfile: Built-in Python module for performance analysis.
• line_profiler: Line-by-line profiling tool to identify performance bottlenecks.
• memory_profiler: Tool for monitoring memory usage.
• Py-Spy: Simple and powerful sampling profiler for Python applications.
• Sentry: Error tracking tool that supports Python.

7) Writing Directly in the Middle of a File

You can write to the middle of a file in Python using seek() to position the file pointer where you want to write. Here’s an example:

with open('file.txt', 'r+') as file:
    # Seek to the middle of the file
    file.seek(len(file.read()) // 2)
    # Write text in the middle of the file
    file.write('This is new text')