Add support for Celo's stateful transfer precompile

[karlb]

Motivation

The Celo blockchain makes use of a stateful transfer precompile. Implementing this in Anvil allows running more of our tests in Anvil.

This PR is clearly far from being mergeable, but it serves two purposes:

• it shows what we at Celo need and how we got to a working precompile implementation
• it illustrates the problems we ran into while adding a stateful precompile, see Stateful precompile support in Anvil #11210

Solution

The PrecompilesMap doesn't support stateful precompiles, so we need to use a PrecompileProvider instead that has support for stateful precompiles. Changing the typing to only depend on the PrecompileProvider trait (which would allow passing PrecompilesMap or a statefule PrecompileProvider on a case-by-case bases) proved difficult, so I instead added a HybridPrecompileProvider which has support for stateful precompiles but can also pass along the precompiles from a PrecompilesMap.
The HybridPrecompileProvider implementation is also very limited due to additional typing problems described in the comment.

PR Checklist

• Added Tests
• Added Documentation
• Breaking changes

[mattsse]

supportive, because this can serve as a reference for additional precompile support.

left some pointers, re reusing the PrecompilesMap and inject dynamically.

we can likely clean up a few more things as well,

perhaps rethink how and where we call

foundry/crates/anvil/src/eth/backend/executor.rs

Lines 337 to 345 in 79d4ab2

	let mut evm = new_evm_with_inspector(&mut *self.db, &env, &mut inspector);
	if self.odyssey {
	inject_precompiles(&mut evm, vec![(P256VERIFY, P256VERIFY_BASE_GAS_FEE)]);
	}
	if let Some(factory) = &self.precompile_factory {
	inject_precompiles(&mut evm, factory.precompiles());
	}

ideally we only have these in one location

[mattsse]

hmm, not convinced we want to add a new arg for every network that we can add custom precompiles for.

should we perhaps derive this from the chainid, although an additional celo flag doesnt really hurt

[karlb]

If we only rely on the chainid, new networks won't work with anvil until they have been explicitly supported. And getting PRs with config for short-lived and local networks sounds annoying to me. Adding a flag seems the lesser evil to me.

We can still automatically detect the flags for the most important networks based on the chainid. But if we need a flag anyway, that falls into the "nice to have" category.

[karlb]

We could also enable the transfer precompile by setting --hardfork cel2, but I'm not sure if adding chain-specific hardforks is better than adding a flag for the chain itself.

[mattsse]

I believe this is now redundant, because we can now dynamically inject precompiles into the regular evm with PrecompilesMap via

foundry/crates/anvil/src/evm.rs

Lines 28 to 29 in 79d4ab2

	evm.precompiles_mut().apply_precompile(&addr, move |_| {
	Some(DynPrecompile::from(move |input: PrecompileInput<'_>| func(input.data, gas)))

[karlb]

In its current form, this can only be used to inject stateless precompiles. The PrecompileWithAddress that is passed into this function does not take any context/state as parameter:

pub struct PrecompileWithAddress(pub Address, pub PrecompileFn);
pub type PrecompileFn = fn(&[u8], u64) -> PrecompileResult;

But now that PrecompilesMap has gained a settable lookup function, I can try to use that to include a stateful precompile. Unfortunately, the EvmInternals in the PrecompileInput don't provide access to the journal, so that I can't use the journal's transfer method like I do in this PR. I might be able to use load_account instead, since it returns a mutable Account.

[karlb]

I updated the code with this approach and it looks much better now.