[SPIKE] Initial database changes for Gloas

[StefanBratanov]

PR Description

Some initial code to make ChainBuilder + ChainUpdater work with RecentChainData.

Essentially implementing this in the Store:

Optional<SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope> getExecutionPayloadIfAvailable(Bytes32 beaconBlockRoot);

SafeFuture<Optional<SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope>> retrieveSignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope(
      Bytes32 beaconBlockRoot);

And new column in DB:

.put("HOT_EXECUTION_PAYLOADS_BY_ROOT", getColumnHotExecutionPayloadsByRoot())
final KvStoreSerializer<SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope> signedExecutionPayloadSerializer =
        KvStoreSerializer.createSignedExecutionPayloadSerializer(spec);
hotExecutionPayloadsByRoot =
        KvStoreColumn.create(8, BYTES32_SERIALIZER, signedExecutionPayloadSerializer);

Fixed Issue(s)

related to #10098
fixes #10071

Documentation

• I thought about documentation and added the doc-change-required label to this PR if updates are required.

Changelog

• I thought about adding a changelog entry, and added one if I deemed necessary.

---

Note

Introduce hot execution payload support (ePBS/Gloas) with DB column and serializer, new APIs, and full integration across Store/RecentChainData/Storage layers.

• Storage/DB:
  • Add HOT_EXECUTION_PAYLOADS_BY_ROOT column and serializer for SignedExecutionPayloadEnvelope.
  • DAO/Database methods to put/get hot execution payloads; included in updates (StorageUpdate).
• APIs:
  • StorageQueryChannel/throttling/chain storage: getHotExecutionPayloadByRoot.
  • ReadOnlyStore adds getExecutionPayloadIfAvailable and async retrieval; MutableStore.putExecutionPayloadAndState.
  • New ExecutionPayloadProvider and composition util.
• Store/Client:
  • Wire ExecutionPayloadProvider through StoreBuilder, Store, StoreTransaction(Updates), RecentChainData, StorageBackedRecentChainData.
  • Cache/prune hot execution payloads alongside blocks; expose retrieval.
• Spec/Util:
  • Spec.deserializeSignedExecutionPayload (Gloas);
  • ChainBuilder tracks and exposes execution payloads/states by beacon block root.
• Tests:
  • Property test for payload serializer; integration/unit tests for hot payload retrieval and cache behavior; minor test name fixes.

^{Written by Cursor Bugbot for commit 8e58929. This will update automatically on new commits. Configure here.}