[JAVA client] Updated configuration documentation

[chernser]

Summary

• Updates configuration documentation
• Adds explanation of how to use setOption for server settings and custom http headers

Closes ClickHouse/clickhouse-java#2312
Closes ClickHouse/clickhouse-java#2374

Checklist

• Delete items not relevant to your PR
• URL changes should add a redirect to the old URL via https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs/blob/main/docusaurus.config.js
• If adding a new integration page, also add an entry to the integrations list here: https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs/blob/main/docs/integrations/index.mdx

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Name	Status	Preview	Comments	Updated (UTC)
clickhouse-docs	✅ Ready (Inspect)	Visit Preview	💬 Add feedback	Jun 9, 2025 8:47pm

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