chore(fw): raise an exception if an opcode recieves an invalid keyword argument

* Add kwargs validation in Opcode.__call__ method in opcode.py
* Add test coverage in test_vm.py for validation behavior

Author: richardgreg

docs/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Users can select any of the artifacts depending on their testing needs for their
 #### 🔀 Refactoring
 
 - 🔀 Move `TransactionType` enum from test file to proper module location in `ethereum_test_types.transaction_types` for better code organization and reusability.
+- ✨ Opcode classes now validate keyword arguments and raise `ValueError` with clear error messages
 
 #### `fill`
 

src/ethereum_test_vm/opcode.py

@@ -254,6 +254,16 @@ def __call__(
 
         if self.kwargs is not None and len(kwargs) > 0:
             assert len(args) == 0, f"Cannot mix positional and keyword arguments {args} {kwargs}"
+
+            # Validate that all provided kwargs are valid
+            invalid_kwargs = set(kwargs.keys()) - set(self.kwargs)
+            if invalid_kwargs:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid keyword argument(s) {list(invalid_kwargs)} for opcode "
+                    f"{self._name_}. Valid arguments are: {self.kwargs}"
+                    f"Valid arguments are: {self.kwargs}"
+                )
+
             for kw in self.kwargs:
                 args.append(kwargs[kw] if kw in kwargs else self.kwargs_defaults.get(kw, 0))
 

src/ethereum_test_vm/tests/test_vm.py

@@ -431,3 +431,30 @@ def test_bytecode_concatenation_with_bytes():
     assert code.max_stack_height == base.max_stack_height
     assert code.min_stack_height == base.min_stack_height
     assert code.terminating == base.terminating
+
+
+def test_opcode_kwargs_validation():
+    """Test that invalid keyword arguments raise ValueError."""
+    # Test valid kwargs work
+    Op.MSTORE(offset=0, value=1)
+    Op.CALL(gas=1, address=2, value=3, args_offset=4, args_size=5, ret_offset=6, ret_size=7)
+
+    # Test invalid kwargs raise ValueError
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match=r"Invalid keyword argument\(s\) \['offest'\] for opcode MSTORE"
+    ):
+        Op.MSTORE(offest=0, value=1)  # codespell:ignore offest
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match=r"Invalid keyword argument\(s\) \['wrong_arg'\] for opcode MSTORE"
+    ):
+        Op.MSTORE(offset=0, value=1, wrong_arg=2)
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match=r"Invalid keyword argument\(s\) \['addres'\] for opcode CALL"
+    ):
+        Op.CALL(gas=1, address=2, value=3, args_offset=4, args_size=5, ret_offset=6, ret_size=7)
+
+    # Test multiple invalid kwargs
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"Invalid keyword argument\(s\).*for opcode MSTORE"):
+        Op.MSTORE(offest=0, valu=1, extra=2)  # codespell:ignore offest,valu