This specific examples might show some confusion: ```java // ./java/M08_PassByObjectReference.java#L4-L20 static void replace(List<Integer> numbers) { numbers = Arrays.asList(42, 43, 44); } static void append(List<Integer> numbers) { numbers.add(42); } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> oneTwoThree = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3)); replace(oneTwoThree); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(oneTwoThree.toArray())); // [1, 2, 3] append(oneTwoThree); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(oneTwoThree.toArray())); // [1, 2, 3, 42] } ```