diff --git a/Indicators/Livelihood-Coping-Strategies-EN/LCS-EN-indicator.sps b/Indicators/Livelihood-Coping-Strategies-EN/LCS-EN-indicator.sps index 1156420..1583e80 100644 --- a/Indicators/Livelihood-Coping-Strategies-EN/LCS-EN-indicator.sps +++ b/Indicators/Livelihood-Coping-Strategies-EN/LCS-EN-indicator.sps @@ -1,215 +1,162 @@ -* Encoding: UTF-8. -******************************************************************************** - * SPSS Syntax for the Livelihood Coping Strategy for Food Security (LCS-EN) indicator - ******************************************************************************* - -* Important note: this syntax file is only an example. When calculating the indicator, you will need to include the 10 strategies (4 stress, 3 crisis, 3 emergency) that were selected for your specific case. +* Encoding: UTF-8. -* Please find more guidance on the indicator at the LCS-EN VAM Resource Center page: https://resources.vam.wfp.org/data-analysis/quantitative/essential-needs/livelihood-coping-strategies-essential-needs +*** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* VALUE LABELS -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* +*** WFP Standardized Scripts +*** Livelihood Coping Strategies - Essential Needs (LCS-EN) -VALUE LABELS - LcsEN_stress_DomAsset - LcsEN_stress_Utilities - LcsEN_stress_Saving - LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash - LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets - LcsEN_crisis_Health - LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool - LcsEN_em_ResAsset - LcsEN_em_Begged - LcsEN_em_IllegalAct - 10 'No, because we did not need to' - 20 'No, because we already sold those assets or have engaged in this activity within the last 12 months and cannot continue to' - 30 'Yes' - 9999 'Not applicable (do not have children/these assets)'. - - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* - -* TREATMENT OF MISSING VALUES - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* The LCS-EN standard module does not allow for skipping questions, so there should not be missing values. Check that indeed this is the case. -FREQUENCIES LcsEN_stress_DomAsset LcsEN_stress_Utilities LcsEN_stress_Saving LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets LcsEN_crisis_Health LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool LcsEN_em_ResAsset LcsEN_em_Begged LcsEN_em_IllegalAct. - -* If there are no missings, you can just go ahead. If there are missing values, then you will need to understand why and, based on that, treat these missing values. - - * POTENTIAL REASON 1: Although not recommended, customized modules might include skip patterns to avoid asking about strategies that are not relevant for the household. - *For example, a skip pattern might be introduced so that a question on withdrawing children from school is not asked to households with no children. - *In these cases, it is important to recode missing values to 9999 'Not applicable (don't have children/these assets)'. - - * POTENTIAL REASON 2: Although in the standard module questions should be mandatory, customized modules might allow to skip questions (for example because the respondent refuse to answer). - *In these cases, missing values should be left as such. -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* +*** Last Update: Oct 2025 +*** Purpose: This script calculates the Livelihood Coping Strategies Index -* STRESS STRATEGIES +*** Data Quality Guidance References: +*** - Recommended high frequency checks: Page 31 +*** - Recommended cleaning steps: Page 38 -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* reminder: this is just an example of four stress strategies. You will need to replace with the four strategies selected for your specific case +*** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +*** Important note +*** This syntax file is only an example. When calculating the indicator, you will need to include the 10 strategies (4 stress, 3 crisis, 3 emergency) that were selected for your assessment. +*** Please find more guidance by searching for the indicator at the VAM Resource Center https://resources.vam.wfp.org -*Variable labels: +*** Define group labels- these should match Survey Designer naming conventions VARIABLE LABELS - LcsEN_stress_DomAsset "Sold household assets/goods (radio, furniture, refrigerator, relevision, jewellery, etc.)" - LcsEN_stress_Utilities "Reduced or ceased payments on essential utilities and bills " - LcsEN_stress_Saving "Spent saving" - LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash "Borrowed cash" . - - -*% of household who adopted one or more stress coping strategies - -DO IF LcsEN_stress_DomAsset=20 | LcsEN_stress_DomAsset=30 | LcsEN_stress_Utilities=20 | LcsEN_stress_Utilities=30 | LcsEN_stress_Saving=20 | LcsEN_stress_Saving=30 | LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash=20 | LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash=30. -COMPUTE stress_coping_EN=1. -ELSE. -COMPUTE stress_coping_EN = 0. - END IF. - -VARIABLE LABELS stress_coping_EN "Did the HH engage in stress coping strategies?" . - - - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* - -* CRISIS STRATEGIES - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* reminder: this is just an example of three crisis strategies. You will need to replace with the three strategies selected for your specific case - -*Variables lables: - -Variable labels -LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets "Sold productive assets or means of transport (sewing machine, wheelbarrow, bicycle, car, etc.) " -LcsEN_crisis_Health "Reduced expenses on health (including drugs)" -LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool "Withdrew children from school". - - -*% of household who adopted one or more crisis coping strategies - -DO IF LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets = 20 | LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets = 30 | LcsEN_crisis_Health = 20 | LcsEN_crisis_Health = 30 | LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool =20 | LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool =30. - -COMPUTE crisis_coping_EN =1. -ELSE. -COMPUTE crisis_coping_EN =0. -END IF. - -EXECUTE. - -VARIABLE LABELS crisis_coping_EN "Did the HH engage in crisis coping strategies?" . - - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* - -* EMERGENCY STRATEGIES: - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* reminder: this is just an example of three emergency strategies. You will need to replace with the three strategies selected for your specific case - -*Variables lables: - -VARIABLE LABELS - LcsEN_em_ResAsset "Mortaged/Sold house or land" - LcsEN_em_Begged "Begged and/or scavenged (asked strangers for money/food/other goods)" - LcsEN_em_IllegalAct "Had to engage in illegal income activities (theft, prostitution)" . - -*% of household who adopted one or more emergency coping strategies - -DO IF LcsEN_em_ResAsset = 20 | LcsEN_em_ResAsset = 30 | LcsEN_em_Begged = 20 | LcsEN_em_Begged = 30 | LcsEN_em_IllegalAct =20 | LcsEN_em_IllegalAct =30. - -COMPUTE emergency_coping_EN =1. -ELSE. -COMPUTE emergency_coping_EN =0. -END IF. +LcsEN_stress_DomAsset "Household has sold domestic assets in the past 30 days to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_stress_Utilities "Reduced or ceased payments on essential utilities and bills to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_stress_Saving "Household has spent savings in the past 30 days to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash "Household has borrowed money in the past 30 days to essentialer food needs" +LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets "Household has sold productive assets in the past 30 days to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_crisis_Health "Household has reduced spendning on essential health in the past 30 days to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool "Household has withdrawn children from school in the past 30 days to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_em_ResAsset "Mortgaged/sold house that the household was permanently living in or sold land to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_em_Begged "Household has begged in the past 30 days to cover essential needs" +LcsEN_em_IllegalAct "Household has engaged in illegal act in the past 30 days to cover essential needs". +EXECUTE. -VARIABLE LABELS emergency_coping_EN 'Did the HH engage in emergency coping strategies?'. +VALUE LABELS +LcsEN_stress_DomAsset LcsEN_stress_Utilities LcsEN_stress_Saving LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets LcsEN_crisis_Health LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool +LcsEN_em_ResAsset LcsEN_em_Begged LcsEN_em_IllegalAct + 10 "No, because we did not need to" + 20 "No, because we already sold those assets or have engaged in this activity within the last 12 months and cannot continue" + 30 "Yes" + 9999 "Not applicable". +EXECUTE. -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* + *** Harmonize Data Quality Guidance measures +*** Check individual strategies. Check for missing values or non-standard values. Check for high usage of N/A. It is recommended to check this by enumerator. If this is the case, refer to the Data Quality Guidance -* COPING behaviour +FREQUENCIES LcsEN_stress_DomAsset LcsEN_stress_Utilities LcsEN_stress_Saving LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets LcsEN_crisis_Health +LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool LcsEN_em_ResAsset LcsEN_em_Begged LcsEN_em_IllegalAct. -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* +*** Calculate LCS-EN +*** Reminder: this is an example of four stress, three crisis and three emergency strategies. You need to replace with the strategies selected for your assessment -* this variable counts the strategies with valid (i.e. non missing) values - normally it should be equal to 10 for all respondents. -COMPUTE temp_nonmiss_number=NVALID(LcsEN_stress_DomAsset, LcsEN_stress_Utilities , LcsEN_stress_Saving , LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash , LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets , + - LcsEN_crisis_Health , LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool , LcsEN_em_ResAsset , LcsEN_em_Begged , LcsEN_em_IllegalAct). +COMPUTE Stress_coping_EN = 0. +IF (LcsEN_stress_DomAsset = 20 OR LcsEN_stress_DomAsset = 30 OR LcsEN_stress_Utilities = 20 OR LcsEN_stress_Utilities = 30 OR LcsEN_stress_Saving = 20 + OR LcsEN_stress_Saving = 30 OR LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash = 20 OR LcsEN_stress_BorrowCash = 30) Stress_coping_EN = 2. EXECUTE. -VARIABLE LABELS temp_nonmiss_number "Number of strategies with non missing values". - - IF (temp_nonmiss_number>0) Max_coping_behaviourEN=1. -* the Max_coping_behaviourEN variable will be missing for an observation if answers to strategies are all missing. -IF (stress_coping_EN=1) Max_coping_behaviourEN=2. -IF (crisis_coping_EN=1) Max_coping_behaviourEN=3. -IF (emergency_coping_EN=1) Max_coping_behaviourEN=4. - EXECUTE. - -VALUE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourEN 1 'HH not adopting coping strategies' 2 'Stress coping strategies ' 3 'Crisis coping strategies ' 4 'Emergencies coping strategies'. -VARIABLE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourEN "Summary of asset depletion". +COMPUTE Crisis_coping_EN = 0. +IF (LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets = 20 OR LcsEN_crisis_ProdAssets = 30 OR LcsEN_crisis_Health = 20 OR LcsEN_crisis_Health = 30 OR LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool = 20 OR LcsEN_crisis_OutSchool = 30) Crisis_coping_EN = 3. +EXECUTE. -DELETE VARIABLES temp_nonmiss_number. +COMPUTE Emergency_coping_EN = 0. +IF (LcsEN_em_ResAsset = 20 OR LcsEN_em_ResAsset = 30 OR LcsEN_em_Begged = 20 OR LcsEN_em_Begged = 30 OR LcsEN_em_IllegalAct = 20 OR LcsEN_em_IllegalAct = 30) Emergency_coping_EN = 4. EXECUTE. -* tabulate results. -FREQUENCIES Max_coping_behaviourEN. +*** Add variable labels +VARIABLE LABELS Stress_coping_EN "Did the HH engage in stress coping strategies?". +VALUE LABELS Stress_coping_EN + 0 'No' + 2 'Yes'. -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* +VARIABLE LABELS Crisis_coping_EN "Did the HH engage in crisis coping strategies?". +VALUE LABELS Crisis_coping_EN + 0 'No' + 3 'Yes'. -* ANALYSE THE REAONS WHY STRATEGIES ARE ADOPTED +VARIABLE LABELS Emergency_coping_EN "Did the HH engage in emergency coping strategies". +VALUE LABELS Emergency_coping_EN + 0 'No' + 4 'Yes'. +EXECUTE. -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* The final question included in the LCS-EN module asks the main reasons why coping strategies were adopted (LhCSIEnAccess). -*Depending on the format you download the data sets and the import options you select the format of the variable could be different. - *In general, it is recommend downloading with the multiple response split into seperate columns (i.e. variables) with 1/0. - *The rest of the syntax assumes that the variable LhCSIEnAccess was exported in this way. +*** For CARI, we use the highest coping strategy applied by the HH. If no coping is used, recode to 1 + +COMPUTE Max_coping_behaviourEN = 0. +COMPUTE Max_coping_behaviourEN = MAX(Stress_coping_EN, Crisis_coping_EN, Emergency_coping_EN). +RECODE Max_coping_behaviourEN (0=1). +VARIABLE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourEN "Which coping strategy was the highest applied by the household?". +VALUE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourEN + 1 'Household did not apply coping strategies' + 2 'Household applied stress coping strategies' + 3 'Household applied crisis coping strategies' + 4 'Household applied emergency coping strategies'. +EXECUTE. -* In SPSS it is assumed that varibales are named using a dot before the suffix indicating the answer opption (i.e. LhCSIEnAccess.1, LhCSIEnAccess.2...). -* This is way that variables are automatically named when a dataset is exported to SPSS (SAV) format (i.e. LhCSIEnAccess.1, LhCSIEnAccess.2...) +FREQUENCIES Stress_coping_EN Crisis_coping_EN Emergency_coping_EN Max_coping_behaviourEN. -* Rename variables to remove the dot. +*** Analyse why the strategies were adopted (to cover which essential need) +*** This question is posed as multiple choice. To get each variable as binary (0,1), ensure download the dataset to tick so each choice is regsitered in a separate column +*** When exporting from MoDa, this is done by, in addition to the default export options, ticking the following boxes: + *** "Remove prefixed group names" + *** Use 1 or 0 in split select muliples (the default is True or False)" + *** Delimiter to use for separating group names from field names" -> selec ".(Dot) + +*** Rename variables to remove the dot. RENAME VARIABLES (LhCSIEnAccess.1 LhCSIEnAccess.2 LhCSIEnAccess.3 LhCSIEnAccess.4 LhCSIEnAccess.5 LhCSIEnAccess.6 LhCSIEnAccess.7 LhCSIEnAccess.8 LhCSIEnAccess.999 = - LhCSIEnAccess1 LhCSIEnAccess2 LhCSIEnAccess3 LhCSIEnAccess4 LhCSIEnAccess5 LhCSIEnAccess6 LhCSIEnAccess7 LhCSIEnAccess8 LhCSIEnAccess999). +LhCSIEnAccess1 LhCSIEnAccess2 LhCSIEnAccess3 LhCSIEnAccess4 LhCSIEnAccess5 LhCSIEnAccess6 LhCSIEnAccess7 LhCSIEnAccess8 LhCSIEnAccess999). +VARIABLE LABELS + LhCSIEnAccess1 "Adopted strategies to buy food" + LhCSIEnAccess2 "Adopted strategies to pay for rent" + LhCSIEnAccess3 "Adopted strategies to pay school, education costs" + LhCSIEnAccess4 "Adopted strategies to cover health expenses" + LhCSIEnAccess5 "Adopted strategies to buy essential non-food items (clothes, small furniture)" + LhCSIEnAccess6 "Adopted strategies to access water or sanitation facilities" + LhCSIEnAccess7 "Adopted strategies to access essential dwelling services (electricity, energy, waste disposal...)" + LhCSIEnAccess8 "Adopted strategies to pay for existing debts" + LhCSIEnAccess999 "Adopted strategies for other reasons" . EXECUTE. -VARIABLE LABELS - LhCSIEnAccess1 "Adopted strategies to buy food" - LhCSIEnAccess2 "Adopted strategies to pay for rent" - LhCSIEnAccess3 "Adopted strategies to pay school, education costs" - LhCSIEnAccess4 "Adopted strategies to cover health expenses" - LhCSIEnAccess5 "Adopted strategies to buy essential non-food items (clothes, small furniture)" - LhCSIEnAccess6 "Adopted strategies to access water or sanitation facilities" - LhCSIEnAccess7 "Adopted strategies to access essential dwelling services (electricity, energy, waste disposal...)" - LhCSIEnAccess8 "Adopted strategies to pay for existing debts" - LhCSIEnAccess999 "Adopted strategies for other reasons" . - -*tabulate results . +*** Analyse results + DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=LhCSIEnAccess1 LhCSIEnAccess2 LhCSIEnAccess3 LhCSIEnAccess4 LhCSIEnAccess5 - LhCSIEnAccess6 LhCSIEnAccess7 LhCSIEnAccess8 LhCSIEnAccess999 +LhCSIEnAccess6 LhCSIEnAccess7 LhCSIEnAccess8 LhCSIEnAccess999 /STATISTICS=MEAN. +*** To estimate food insecurity using CARI and for IPC analyses, the LCS-FS indicator must be used +*** In this case, the LCS-EN indicator should be converted to the LCS-FS. +*** This can be done by using the final question included in the LCS-EN module asking the main reasons why coping strategies were adopted (LhCSIEnAccess). +*** If "to buy food" is not among the reasons selected for applying livelihood coping strategies then these cases/households should be considered under "not coping" when computing CARI -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* - -* CALCULATING LCS-FS USING THE LCS-EN MODULE - -*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* -* To estimate food insecurity using CARI, the LCS-FS indicator should be used. -* In this case the LCS-EN inidicator can be converted to the LCS-FS using the final question included in the LCS-EN module asking the main reasons why coping strategies were adopted (LhCSIEnAccess). -* If "to buy food" is not among the reasons selected for applying livelihood coping strategies then these cases/households should be considered under "not coping" when computing CARI +compute Max_coping_behaviourFS=0. +IF LhCSIEnAccess1=1 Max_coping_behaviourFS=Max_coping_behaviourEN. +RECODE Max_coping_behaviourEN (0=1). +VARIABLE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourFS "Summary of asset depletion (converted from LCS-EN to LCS-FS)". +EXECUTE. +FREQUENCIES Max_coping_behaviourFS. -IF (NOT SYSMIS(Max_coping_behaviourEN)) Max_coping_behaviourFS = Max_coping_behaviourEN. -EXECUTE. +*** Optional: Compute the same variable to be used directly for IPC analysis (referring to IPC phases) - can only be done with the LCS FS indicator, never LCS EN -IF (LhCSIEnAccess1=0 & NOT SYSMIS(Max_coping_behaviourFS)) Max_coping_behaviourFS=1. +COMPUTE Max_coping_behaviourFS_IPC = Max_coping_behaviourFS. +VARIABLE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourFS_IPC "Official IPC Classification for LCS". +VALUE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourFS_IPC + 1 "LCSI [none] - IPC Phase 1" + 2 "LCSI [stress] - IPC Phase 2" + 3 "LCSI [crisis] - IPC Phase 3" + 4 "LCSI [emergency] - IPC Phase 4-5". EXECUTE. -VARIABLE LABELS Max_coping_behaviourFS "Summary of asset depletion (converted from EN to FS)". +*** Check distribution of final categories +FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Max_coping_behaviourFS_IPC + /ORDER=ANALYSIS. +*** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +*** END OF SCRIPT +*** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------